Sains Malaysiana 53(11)(2024): 3593-3605

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5311-04

Potensi Peptida Sintetik Wolbachia (WolFar) bagi Pembangunan Biopestisid Berdasarkan Kesan Perubahan Histologi Pada Sel Ovari Kumbang Merah Palma, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

(Potential of Synthetic Wolbachia (WolFar) Peptide for Biopesticide Development Based on the Impression of Histological Changes in Ovary Cells of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)

WAN NURUL ‘AIN, W.M.N.¹, NURUL WAHIDA, O.^2,3,*, YAAKOP, S.^2,3 & NOREFRINA SHAFINAZ, M.N³

¹Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Wisma Dura, Lot PT 11545, No. 3, Jalan P/9b, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Pusat Sistematik Serangga, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

³Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 30 April 2024/Diterima: 7 Ogos 2024

Abstrak

Pendekatan alternatif perlu diterokai dengan mengkaji potensi membangunkan biopestisid berdasarkan aplikasi kawalan biologi menggunakan nematoda, virus dan jangkitan bakteria terhadap serangga perosak untuk menawarkan penyelesaian yang lebih khusus dan lebih selamat berbanding racun kimia. Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) merupakan bakteria endosimbiotik yang telah mendapat banyak perhatian dan lebih dari sedekad ia digunakan secara meluas terhadap pelbagai pengurusan perosak dan vektor kerana mereka menunjukkan perubahan fisiologi sistem pembiakan dalam serangga yang dijangkiti. Berbanding menggunakan seluruh organisma sebagai agen kawalan biologi, novel Wolbachia sintetik peptida, WolFar telah disesuaikan dari kawasan yang dipelihara protein permukaan Wolbachia (wsp) dan pertama kali diuji pada spesies perosak invasif, kumbang merah palma (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti kesan peptida WolFar berbeza kepekatan (0.83 mmol/L dan 1.66 mmol/L) terhadap perubahan sel ovari RPW menggunakan teknik histologi dan pewarnaan H&E. Hasil menunjukkan WolFar boleh dimanipulasi sebagai biopestisid yang berpotensi untuk RPW kerana ia menyebabkan perubahan tidak normal pada histologi sel selepas rawatan. Penemuan baharu kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa peptida berasaskan Wolbachia, WolFar mempunyai potensi besar sebagai alat baharu untuk dibangunkan sebagai formulasi biopestisid untuk mengawal populasi RPW.

Kata kunci: Agen kawalan biologi; histopatologi; kumbang perosak

Abstract

An alternative approach should be explored by examining the potential of developing a biopesticide based on biological control application using nematodes, viruses, and bacterial infection towards insect pests to offer more specific solutions. Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is a common inheritable endosymbiotic bacterium has received much attention and been broadly used for over a decade against various pest and vector management as they manifest physiological changes in infected insects. Rather than using whole organisms as a biological control agent, a novel Wolbachia synthetic peptide, WolFar was customized from a conserved region of the Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) and first tested on invasive pest species, the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. A study was conducted to identify the effects of WolFar synthetic peptide on the histology on the RPW cell ovary. Results have shown WolFar could be manipulated as a potential biopesticide for RPW as it triggered immune system of RPW by causing abnormalities on the RPW cell histology after treatment. The promising finding of this study indicates that Wolbachia-based peptide, WolFar has huge potential as a new tool to be developed as a biopesticide formulation to control the population of RPW and probably other insect pests in the future.

Keywords: Biological control agent; histopathology; pest beetle

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: wahida@ukm.edu.my